May-Thurner Syndrome, which consists of the compression of the left iliac vein between the lumbar spine and the right iliac artery, is rarely diagnosed, especially when other well-established risk factors for pulmonary embolism overlap, but it is estimated to occur in more than 20% of the population. 

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in premenopausal women. They are usually asymptomatic, but when they reach large dimensions, they constitute a risk factor for venous thromboembolism, due to their potential for external compression of the iliac veins. 

The authors present an unusual case of pulmonary thromboembolism, caused by the compressive effect of a uterine myoma in a 47-year-old female, who presented to Emergency Department with complaints of acute onset dyspnea.