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/**
 * CodeIgniter
 *
 * An open source application development framework for PHP
 *
 * This content is released under the MIT License (MIT)
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the &quot;Software&quot;), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED &quot;AS IS&quot;, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * @package	CodeIgniter
 * @author	EllisLab Dev Team
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2008 - 2014, EllisLab, Inc. (https://ellislab.com/)
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2014 - 2019, British Columbia Institute of Technology (https://bcit.ca/)
 * @copyright	Copyright (c) 2019 - 2022, CodeIgniter Foundation (https://codeigniter.com/)
 * @license	https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT	MIT License
 * @link	https://codeigniter.com
 * @since	Version 1.3.0
 * @filesource
 */
defined('BASEPATH') OR exit('No direct script access allowed');

/**
 * Postgre Database Adapter Class
 *
 * Note: _DB is an extender class that the app controller
 * creates dynamically based on whether the query builder
 * class is being used or not.
 *
 * @package		CodeIgniter
 * @subpackage	Drivers
 * @category	Database
 * @author		EllisLab Dev Team
 * @link		https://codeigniter.com/userguide3/database/
 */
class CI_DB_postgre_driver extends CI_DB {

	/**
	 * Database driver
	 *
	 * @var	string
	 */
	public $dbdriver = 'postgre';

	/**
	 * Database schema
	 *
	 * @var	string
	 */
	public $schema = 'public';

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * ORDER BY random keyword
	 *
	 * @var	array
	 */
	protected $_random_keyword = array('RANDOM()', 'RANDOM()');

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Build DSN
	 *
	 * @return	void
	 */
	protected function _build_dsn()
	{
		$this-&gt;dsn === '' OR $this-&gt;dsn = '';

		if (strpos($this-&gt;hostname, '/') !== FALSE)
		{
			// If UNIX sockets are used, we shouldn't set a port
			$this-&gt;port = '';
		}

		$this-&gt;hostname === '' OR $this-&gt;dsn = 'host='.$this-&gt;hostname.' ';

		if ( ! empty($this-&gt;port) &amp;&amp; ctype_digit($this-&gt;port))
		{
			$this-&gt;dsn .= 'port='.$this-&gt;port.' ';
		}

		if ($this-&gt;username !== '')
		{
			$this-&gt;dsn .= 'user='.$this-&gt;username.' ';

			/* An empty password is valid!
			 *
			 * $db['password'] = NULL must be done in order to ignore it.
			 */
			$this-&gt;password === NULL OR $this-&gt;dsn .= &quot;password='&quot;.$this-&gt;password.&quot;' &quot;;
		}

		$this-&gt;database === '' OR $this-&gt;dsn .= 'dbname='.$this-&gt;database.' ';

		/* We don't have these options as elements in our standard configuration
		 * array, but they might be set by parse_url() if the configuration was
		 * provided via string. Example:
		 *
		 * postgre://username:password@localhost:5432/database?connect_timeout=5&amp;sslmode=1
		 */
		foreach (array('connect_timeout', 'options', 'sslmode', 'service') as $key)
		{
			if (isset($this-&gt;$key) &amp;&amp; is_string($this-&gt;$key) &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;$key !== '')
			{
				$this-&gt;dsn .= $key.&quot;='&quot;.$this-&gt;$key.&quot;' &quot;;
			}
		}

		$this-&gt;dsn = rtrim($this-&gt;dsn);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Database connection
	 *
	 * @param	bool	$persistent
	 * @return	resource|object
	 */
	public function db_connect($persistent = FALSE)
	{
		empty($this-&gt;dsn) &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;_build_dsn();
		$this-&gt;conn_id = ($persistent === TRUE)
			? pg_pconnect($this-&gt;dsn)
			: pg_connect($this-&gt;dsn);

		if ($this-&gt;conn_id !== FALSE)
		{
			if ($persistent === TRUE
				&amp;&amp; pg_connection_status($this-&gt;conn_id) === PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD
				&amp;&amp; pg_ping($this-&gt;conn_id) === FALSE
			)
			{
				return FALSE;
			}

			empty($this-&gt;schema) OR $this-&gt;simple_query('SET search_path TO '.$this-&gt;schema.',public');
		}

		return $this-&gt;conn_id;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Reconnect
	 *
	 * Keep / reestablish the db connection if no queries have been
	 * sent for a length of time exceeding the server's idle timeout
	 *
	 * @return	void
	 */
	public function reconnect()
	{
		if (pg_ping($this-&gt;conn_id) === FALSE)
		{
			$this-&gt;conn_id = FALSE;
		}
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Set client character set
	 *
	 * @param	string	$charset
	 * @return	bool
	 */
	protected function _db_set_charset($charset)
	{
		return (pg_set_client_encoding($this-&gt;conn_id, $charset) === 0);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Database version number
	 *
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function version()
	{
		if (isset($this-&gt;data_cache['version']))
		{
			return $this-&gt;data_cache['version'];
		}

		if ( ! $this-&gt;conn_id OR ($pg_version = pg_version($this-&gt;conn_id)) === FALSE)
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		/* If PHP was compiled with PostgreSQL lib versions earlier
		 * than 7.4, pg_version() won't return the server version
		 * and so we'll have to fall back to running a query in
		 * order to get it.
		 */
		return (isset($pg_version['server']) &amp;&amp; preg_match('#^(\d+\.\d+)#', $pg_version['server'], $match))
			? $this-&gt;data_cache['version'] = $match[1]
			: parent::version();
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Execute the query
	 *
	 * @param	string	$sql	an SQL query
	 * @return	resource|object
	 */
	protected function _execute($sql)
	{
		return pg_query($this-&gt;conn_id, $sql);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Begin Transaction
	 *
	 * @return	bool
	 */
	protected function _trans_begin()
	{
		return (bool) pg_query($this-&gt;conn_id, 'BEGIN');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Commit Transaction
	 *
	 * @return	bool
	 */
	protected function _trans_commit()
	{
		return (bool) pg_query($this-&gt;conn_id, 'COMMIT');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Rollback Transaction
	 *
	 * @return	bool
	 */
	protected function _trans_rollback()
	{
		return (bool) pg_query($this-&gt;conn_id, 'ROLLBACK');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Determines if a query is a &quot;write&quot; type.
	 *
	 * @param	string	An SQL query string
	 * @return	bool
	 */
	public function is_write_type($sql)
	{
		if (preg_match('#^(INSERT|UPDATE).*RETURNING\s.+(\,\s?.+)*$#is', $sql))
		{
			return FALSE;
		}

		return parent::is_write_type($sql);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Platform-dependent string escape
	 *
	 * @param	string
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _escape_str($str)
	{
		return pg_escape_string($this-&gt;conn_id, $str);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * &quot;Smart&quot; Escape String
	 *
	 * Escapes data based on type
	 *
	 * @param	string	$str
	 * @return	mixed
	 */
	public function escape($str)
	{
		if (is_php('5.4.4') &amp;&amp; (is_string($str) OR (is_object($str) &amp;&amp; method_exists($str, '__toString'))))
		{
			return pg_escape_literal($this-&gt;conn_id, $str);
		}
		elseif (is_bool($str))
		{
			return ($str) ? 'TRUE' : 'FALSE';
		}

		return parent::escape($str);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Affected Rows
	 *
	 * @return	int
	 */
	public function affected_rows()
	{
		return pg_affected_rows($this-&gt;result_id);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Insert ID
	 *
	 * @return	string
	 */
	public function insert_id()
	{
		$v = $this-&gt;version();

		$table	= (func_num_args() &gt; 0) ? func_get_arg(0) : NULL;
		$column	= (func_num_args() &gt; 1) ? func_get_arg(1) : NULL;

		if ($table === NULL &amp;&amp; $v &gt;= '8.1')
		{
			$sql = 'SELECT LASTVAL() AS ins_id';
		}
		elseif ($table !== NULL)
		{
			if ($column !== NULL &amp;&amp; $v &gt;= '8.0')
			{
				$sql = 'SELECT pg_get_serial_sequence(\''.$table.&quot;', '&quot;.$column.&quot;') AS seq&quot;;
				$query = $this-&gt;query($sql);
				$query = $query-&gt;row();
				$seq = $query-&gt;seq;
			}
			else
			{
				// seq_name passed in table parameter
				$seq = $table;
			}

			$sql = 'SELECT CURRVAL(\''.$seq.&quot;') AS ins_id&quot;;
		}
		else
		{
			return pg_last_oid($this-&gt;result_id);
		}

		$query = $this-&gt;query($sql);
		$query = $query-&gt;row();
		return (int) $query-&gt;ins_id;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Show table query
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the table names can be fetched
	 *
	 * @param	bool	$prefix_limit
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _list_tables($prefix_limit = FALSE)
	{
		$sql = 'SELECT &quot;table_name&quot; FROM &quot;information_schema&quot;.&quot;tables&quot; WHERE &quot;table_schema&quot; = \''.$this-&gt;schema.&quot;'&quot;;

		if ($prefix_limit !== FALSE &amp;&amp; $this-&gt;dbprefix !== '')
		{
			return $sql.' AND &quot;table_name&quot; LIKE \''
				.$this-&gt;escape_like_str($this-&gt;dbprefix).&quot;%' &quot;
				.sprintf($this-&gt;_like_escape_str, $this-&gt;_like_escape_chr);
		}

		return $sql;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * List column query
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific query string so that the column names can be fetched
	 *
	 * @param	string	$table
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _list_columns($table = '')
	{
		return 'SELECT &quot;column_name&quot;
			FROM &quot;information_schema&quot;.&quot;columns&quot;
			WHERE &quot;table_schema&quot; = \''.$this-&gt;schema.'\' AND LOWER(&quot;table_name&quot;) = '.$this-&gt;escape(strtolower($table));
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Returns an object with field data
	 *
	 * @param	string	$table
	 * @return	array
	 */
	public function field_data($table)
	{
		$sql = 'SELECT &quot;column_name&quot;, &quot;data_type&quot;, &quot;character_maximum_length&quot;, &quot;numeric_precision&quot;, &quot;column_default&quot;
			FROM &quot;information_schema&quot;.&quot;columns&quot;
			WHERE &quot;table_schema&quot; = \''.$this-&gt;schema.'\' AND LOWER(&quot;table_name&quot;) = '.$this-&gt;escape(strtolower($table));

		if (($query = $this-&gt;query($sql)) === FALSE)
		{
			return FALSE;
		}
		$query = $query-&gt;result_object();

		$retval = array();
		for ($i = 0, $c = count($query); $i &lt; $c; $i++)
		{
			$retval[$i]			= new stdClass();
			$retval[$i]-&gt;name		= $query[$i]-&gt;column_name;
			$retval[$i]-&gt;type		= $query[$i]-&gt;data_type;
			$retval[$i]-&gt;max_length		= ($query[$i]-&gt;character_maximum_length &gt; 0) ? $query[$i]-&gt;character_maximum_length : $query[$i]-&gt;numeric_precision;
			$retval[$i]-&gt;default		= $query[$i]-&gt;column_default;
		}

		return $retval;
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Error
	 *
	 * Returns an array containing code and message of the last
	 * database error that has occurred.
	 *
	 * @return	array
	 */
	public function error()
	{
		return array('code' =&gt; '', 'message' =&gt; pg_last_error($this-&gt;conn_id));
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * ORDER BY
	 *
	 * @param	string	$orderby
	 * @param	string	$direction	ASC, DESC or RANDOM
	 * @param	bool	$escape
	 * @return	object
	 */
	public function order_by($orderby, $direction = '', $escape = NULL)
	{
		$direction = strtoupper(trim($direction));
		if ($direction === 'RANDOM')
		{
			if ( ! is_float($orderby) &amp;&amp; ctype_digit((string) $orderby))
			{
				$orderby = ($orderby &gt; 1)
					? (float) '0.'.$orderby
					: (float) $orderby;
			}

			if (is_float($orderby))
			{
				$this-&gt;simple_query('SET SEED '.$orderby);
			}

			$orderby = $this-&gt;_random_keyword[0];
			$direction = '';
			$escape = FALSE;
		}

		return parent::order_by($orderby, $direction, $escape);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Update statement
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific update string from the supplied data
	 *
	 * @param	string	$table
	 * @param	array	$values
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _update($table, $values)
	{
		$this-&gt;qb_limit = FALSE;
		$this-&gt;qb_orderby = array();
		return parent::_update($table, $values);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Update_Batch statement
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific batch update string from the supplied data
	 *
	 * @param	string	$table	Table name
	 * @param	array	$values	Update data
	 * @param	string	$index	WHERE key
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _update_batch($table, $values, $index)
	{
		$ids = array();
		foreach ($values as $key =&gt; $val)
		{
			$ids[] = $val[$index]['value'];

			foreach (array_keys($val) as $field)
			{
				if ($field !== $index)
				{
					$final[$val[$field]['field']][] = 'WHEN '.$val[$index]['value'].' THEN '.$val[$field]['value'];
				}
			}
		}

		$cases = '';
		foreach ($final as $k =&gt; $v)
		{
			$cases .= $k.' = (CASE '.$val[$index]['field'].&quot;\n&quot;
				.implode(&quot;\n&quot;, $v).&quot;\n&quot;
				.'ELSE '.$k.' END), ';
		}

		$this-&gt;where($val[$index]['field'].' IN('.implode(',', $ids).')', NULL, FALSE);

		return 'UPDATE '.$table.' SET '.substr($cases, 0, -2).$this-&gt;_compile_wh('qb_where');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Delete statement
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific delete string from the supplied data
	 *
	 * @param	string	$table
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _delete($table)
	{
		$this-&gt;qb_limit = FALSE;
		return parent::_delete($table);
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * LIMIT
	 *
	 * Generates a platform-specific LIMIT clause
	 *
	 * @param	string	$sql	SQL Query
	 * @return	string
	 */
	protected function _limit($sql)
	{
		return $sql.' LIMIT '.$this-&gt;qb_limit.($this-&gt;qb_offset ? ' OFFSET '.$this-&gt;qb_offset : '');
	}

	// --------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Close DB Connection
	 *
	 * @return	void
	 */
	protected function _close()
	{
		pg_close($this-&gt;conn_id);
	}

}
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